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An earth bonding cable connects exposed conductive parts to the earthing system in the switchboard.
An example of an exposed conductive surface is a hot water cylinder which can be made of copper.
Steel kitchen benches are another example. The earth bonding cable is terminated into the earth bar.
A bonding earth cable must be tested to ensure that its resistance is low enough that an RCD will trip in event of a fault. This test is called an earth continuity test.
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